# Research Musing — 2026-05-03

**Research question:** Does the 30°N northern hemisphere brine-active zone boundary put Elysium Mons (24°N) near enough to enable co-located radiation-shielded habitat + water ISRU at a single site — and are there any SHARAD/MARSIS radar detections of subsurface voids near the confirmed Elysium Mons western flank skylight that would confirm the lava tube is intact and accessible? Secondary: SpaceX governance concentration post-IPO and the Belief 7 update, plus IFT-12 pre-flight status heading into NET May 12.

**Belief targeted for disconfirmation:** Belief 1 — "Humanity must become multiplanetary to survive long-term." Specifically attacking the May 2 conclusion that lava tube + water ISRU co-location is "physically plausible at specific sites." The disconfirmation angle today: if the 30°N brine-active zone boundary is truly a hard boundary, and Elysium Mons at 24°N sits outside it, then the water access at the Elysium Mons site may be limited to the Amazonis Planitia near-surface ice (tens of centimeters depth, Luzzi 2025) — which has only been inferred from orbital data, not confirmed by ground truth. This is a weaker co-location than the May 2 session's language suggested.

**Previous disconfirmation attempts:**
- Sessions 2026-04-28 and 2026-04-29: Bunker alternative — DEAD END
- Session 2026-05-01: Mars surface GCR dose data — NOT FALSIFIED. Radiation is engineering prerequisite (~245 mSv/year surface, ~12 mSv/year in lava tubes), not physics prohibition. Identity document error found (1 Sv/year wrong).
- Session 2026-05-02: Lava tube + water ice co-location — NOT FALSIFIED but partial co-location. Elysium Mons western flank at 24°N may be on the boundary of ice-accessible terrain.

**Why this angle today:**
1. Direct continuation of May 2 "Direction A" branching point — the most specific open geographic question
2. If the 30°N boundary is a hard limit and Elysium Mons is at 24°N, there's a 6-degree gap that matters enormously for settlement site selection
3. SHARAD radar data is public — may have existing peer-reviewed analysis of subsurface structure near the skylight
4. The KB lava tube claim lacks subsurface confirmation — only the surface skylight opening is confirmed

**Specific disconfirmation target:** Evidence that (a) the 30°N brine-active zone is a hard geographic boundary that excludes Elysium Mons at 24°N, OR (b) the Amazonis Planitia near-surface ice detected by orbital methods is not confirmed by ground truth, weakening the co-location case.

**Secondary threads:**
1. SpaceX governance concentration post-IPO — does the dual-class structure permanently change the Belief 7 single-player risk assessment?
2. IFT-12 pre-flight updates — NET May 12, 9 days away
3. Blue Origin return-to-flight timeline (ongoing FAA investigation)

**Tweet feed:** Empty — 29th consecutive session. All research via web search.

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## Main Findings

### 1. DISCONFIRMATION RESULT: ELYSIUM MONS + AMAZONIS ICE CO-LOCATION — PARTIALLY FALSIFIED (MAY 2 CORRECTION)

**Verdict: The "elegant single-site solution" from May 2 was geographically incorrect. Elysium Mons skylight (~24-29°N) and the shallow ice in northern Amazonis Planitia (39-41°N) are NOT co-located.**

From Luzzi et al. (JGR:Planets 2025): The ice-bearing candidate landing sites in Amazonis Planitia are AP-1 (39.8°N), AP-8 (40.75°N), AP-9 (40.02°N) — in NORTHERN Amazonis Planitia at ~40°N, NOT near Elysium Mons.

Elysium Mons: ~24.8°N summit. The western flank skylight (IOPscience 2025) is at approximately 24-29°N.

**Latitude gap**: ~10-15 degrees, or approximately 600-1000 km. "Amazonis Planitia" is a large region — the southern portion faces Elysium Mons but lacks shallow ice; the northern portion has shallow ice but is near Alba Mons, not Elysium.

**May 2 error**: The session stated Elysium Mons "faces the northern plains where both the ice-rich terrain and the brine-active zones begin." This conflated southern Amazonis Planitia (near Elysium, no shallow ice) with northern Amazonis Planitia / Arcadia Planitia boundary (40°N, shallow ice documented).

**Additional weakening**: The Elysium Mons skylight confirmation is via thermal + optical methods (THEMIS heat retention, HiRISE shadow depth) — NOT SHARAD/MARSIS radar. SHARAD confirmed buried lava flows in Elysium broadly, but NOT a subsurface void at the specific PCC. Weaker than May 2 framing implied.

**Belief 1 assessment**: NOT falsified. But the Elysium Mons bootstrapping picture is more complex: settlers using the skylight for radiation protection need water from elsewhere. The "dual-site bootstrapping problem" was not resolved by May 2's co-location conclusion.

CLAIM CANDIDATE CORRECTED: "The Elysium Mons western flank skylight (~24-29°N) and near-surface ice in northern Amazonis Planitia (AP-1 at 39.8°N, AP-8 at 40.75°N; Luzzi 2025) are separated by ~10-15 degrees of latitude (~600-1000 km) — making co-located radiation-shielded habitat + water ISRU implausible at the Elysium Mons site, contradicting the May 2, 2026 session conclusion"

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### 2. NEW FINDING: ALBA MONS AT 40.47°N IS THE GENUINE CO-LOCATION CANDIDATE

**Alba Mons**: 40.47°N, 250.4°E — Arcadia quadrangle.

From Crown et al. (JGR:Planets 2022): Large concentration of lava tube systems documented on the western flank via morphological analysis.

From Crown 2022 geology: "Layered, ice-rich mantling deposits overlie features of Alba Mons" — ice-rich terrain directly ON the volcano, not just nearby.

Latitude overlap: AP-1 (39.8°N), AP-8 (40.75°N), AP-9 (40.02°N) from Luzzi 2025 are within 1-2 degrees of latitude from Alba Mons. Same latitude band. Within the brine-active zone (>30°N). Near Arcadia Planitia's excess ice.

**The co-location case at Alba Mons**:
- Radiation shielding: documented lava tubes (Crown 2022) at the same latitude as the ice deposits
- Water ISRU: ice-rich mantling ON the volcano + Arcadia Planitia ice + seasonal brine activity
- Genuinely single-site convergence — unlike Elysium Mons (radiation only) or polar ice caps (water only, no lava tubes)

**Limitation**: No Alba Mons skylight has been thermally characterized (the Elysium Mons IOPscience 2025 method — HiRISE + THEMIS). Crown 2022 is morphological. This is the key evidence gap.

CLAIM CANDIDATE: "Alba Mons at 40.47°N is the strongest current candidate for co-located Mars settlement infrastructure — documented lava tube systems (Crown 2022, western flank), ice-rich mantling deposits on the volcano itself, and location within the ice-active (~40°N) and brine-active (>30°N) zones — unlike Elysium Mons (~24-29°N), which solves radiation but not shallow water ISRU"

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### 3. IFT-12 PRE-FLIGHT: V3 3x PAYLOAD JUMP, HARDWARE BOTTLENECK CASCADE

- V3 payload (reusable LEO): **100+ tons** vs V2's ~35 tons — 3x improvement
- NET: May 12, 22:30 UTC; daily windows through May 18
- **First launch from OLP-2** (SpaceX's second Starbase launch complex — maiden flight)
- Both B19 and S39 targeting SPLASHDOWN (deliberate step back from IFT-11 catch to validate V3 architecture)

**Hardware bottleneck (new detail, not in May 2 archive)**:
1. 10-engine static fire aborted at 2.135s — Apex Combustor issues; ~half engines damaged
2. 33-engine attempt aborted — ramp manifold sensor
3. SpaceX replaced ALL 33 engines on B19 with fresh engines drawn from **Booster 20's allocation**
4. Result: Booster 20 (IFT-13) has depleted engine inventory → two-flights-before-June-28 target at implicit risk
5. This is the first evidence of Raptor 3 engine production rate as a binding cadence constraint

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### 4. SPACEX GOVERNANCE: BEBCHUK ASSESSMENT — BELIEF 7 BECOMES STRUCTURAL

Lucian Bebchuk (Harvard Law School, corporate governance expert): SpaceX irremovability clause "is not common." Standard dual-class IPOs (Meta, Google, Snap) give founders voting control but boards retain CEO removal authority. SpaceX vests removal authority in Class B holders (controlled by Musk) — eliminating even the board as a check.

**Belief 7 update**: Shifts from "operational single-player risk" to "governance-permanent single-player risk." No board, no shareholder majority, no hostile acquirer can redirect SpaceX strategy against Musk's will. The risk is not just concentrated — it is structurally irremediable through standard corporate mechanisms.

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## Follow-up Directions

### Active Threads (continue next session)

- **IFT-12 POST-FLIGHT ANALYSIS** (after May 12): HIGHEST PRIORITY. V3 vs. V2 performance — Raptor 3 Isp, payload demo, does V3 architecture hold. Also: did Booster 20 engine depletion affect IFT-13 timeline?
- **Alba Mons thermal skylight characterization**: Has any team applied THEMIS thermal imaging to Alba Mons lava tube pits? This is the specific evidence gap that would confirm vs. candidate status for the co-location site. Search: "Alba Mons skylight thermal THEMIS 2025 2026"
- **SpaceX prospectus (May 15-22)**: When it drops, check Starship economics ($/flight), xAI financial treatment, any IFT-12 performance data incorporation.
- **IFT-13 timeline risk**: With Booster 20 engine inventory depleted, what is SpaceX's cadence plan?

### Dead Ends (don't re-run these)

- **Elysium Mons as co-location candidate**: RESOLVED AND CORRECTED. Geographic gap (24-29°N vs. 39-41°N) established. Elysium only solves radiation, not shallow water ISRU.
- **Bunker alternative vs. Mars**: FULLY EXHAUSTED prior sessions. Do not re-search.
- **Mars radiation physics prohibition**: RESOLVED May 1. Not a physics prohibition.
- **Blue Origin return-to-flight**: Nothing new as of May 3. Wait for announcement.
- **SpaceX IPO S-1 mechanics**: Covered May 1 and May 2. Focus only on prospectus when it drops.

### Branching Points (one finding opened multiple directions)

- **Alba Mons vs. other high-latitude lava tube candidates**: (A) Thermal skylight characterization at Alba Mons — does any THEMIS data exist? (B) Are there comparable high-latitude lava tube candidates in southern hemisphere at ~40-50°S? **Pursue A first**: directly fills the evidence gap for the strongest co-location claim.
- **Starship V3 production rate bottleneck**: (A) Is engine production rate the new binding Starship cadence constraint? (B) Will the prospectus disclose Raptor 3 production capacity? **Pursue B after prospectus drops**.
- **Belief 7 governance-permanent risk**: (A) Historical precedents of regulatory override of governance-permanent founder control? (B) Capital allocation implications for space economy diversification? **Pursue B**: most KB-relevant — affects positions on space economy investment diversification.
