---
type: source
title: "Alba Mons at 40.47°N: The Strongest Mars Lava Tube + Water Ice Co-location Candidate"
author: "Crown et al. (JGR:Planets 2022), PSI Blog 2022, Luzzi et al. (JGR:Planets 2025), Nature Comms 2025"
url: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022JE007263
date: 2026-05-03
domain: space-development
secondary_domains: []
format: article
status: processed
processed_by: astra
processed_date: 2026-05-03
priority: high
tags: [mars-settlement, alba-mons, lava-tubes, water-ice, isru, radiation-shielding, site-selection, arcadia-planitia]
intake_tier: research-task
extraction_model: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5"
---

## Content

**Alba Mons** is centered at 40.47°N, 250.4°E (Arcadia quadrangle, Mars). It is a broad shield volcano with extensive documented lava tube systems, ice-rich mantling deposits, and a location squarely within the northern hemisphere's brine-active zone (>30°N).

**Key data points:**

**1. Lava tube systems (Crown et al., JGR:Planets 2022)**
- Western flank of Alba Mons hosts a distinctive population of large lava tube systems
- "Distribution and Morphology of Lava Tube Systems on the Western Flank of Alba Mons, Mars" — peer-reviewed characterization of the tube network morphology
- PSI blog (2022): "large concentration of lava tubes" on this martian volcano
- These tubes provide the same radiation shielding potential as any Mars lava tube: at 6.25m depth, GCR dose reduces ~20x to ~12 mSv/year (near Earth background levels, per RAD instrument extrapolations from May 1 research)

**2. Water ice proximity**
- Alba Mons at 40.47°N is:
  - Within the brine-active zone (>30°N, per Nature Communications 2025 marsquake seismicity study)
  - Near Arcadia Planitia (famous for excess near-surface ice, extensively documented)
  - 2022 study notes: "layered, ice-rich mantling deposits overlie features of Alba Mons" with "pedestal craters, infilled craters, and heavily mantled lava flow margins" on northern distal flanks
  - Adjacent to northern Amazonis Planitia, where Luzzi et al. (2025) documented near-surface ice at candidate landing sites AP-1 (39.8°N), AP-8 (40.75°N), AP-9 (40.02°N) — all within 2 degrees of latitude from Alba Mons

**3. Co-location case**
- At 40.47°N, Alba Mons sits at the latitude where:
  - Lava tube radiation shielding is accessible (tubes documented on western flank)
  - Shallow ice is directly accessible (ice-rich mantling deposits on the volcano itself, Arcadia Planitia ice within the same latitude band)
  - Brine-active terrain exists (seasonal melting of near-surface ice, providing liquid water access)
- The co-location argument is far stronger here than at Elysium Mons (~24-29°N, outside the ice-active zone for shallow deposits)

**4. Comparison with Elysium Mons (session correction)**
- Elysium Mons western flank skylight: ~24-29°N — below the ice-active zone for shallow deposits
- Amazonis Planitia shallow ice (Luzzi 2025): 39-41°N — only near Alba Mons latitude, not Elysium
- Alba Mons is the actual candidate for single-site lava tube + shallow ice co-location

**5. Limitations of Alba Mons compared to Elysium**
- Alba Mons is at lower altitude than other Tharsis volcanoes but has gentler slopes — tube accessibility may differ
- Northern latitude (40°N) means colder surface temperatures, potentially higher dust storm frequency
- The lava tubes are on the WESTERN flank — location within the tube system relative to ice deposits matters and requires site-specific analysis
- No skylight at Alba Mons has been as thoroughly studied as the Elysium Mons IOPscience 2025 finding — the Crown 2022 study is morphological, not thermal+optical like the Elysium study

## Agent Notes
**Why this matters:** If Alba Mons at 40.47°N is the genuine co-location candidate, the KB's discussion of Mars settlement site selection should center here, not at Elysium Mons. This also means the three-loop bootstrapping sequence (power, water, manufacturing) could close at a single high-latitude site — which is a fundamentally different settlement model than the "equatorial warmth" paradigm.

**What surprised me:** The Crown 2022 paper confirmed ice-rich mantling deposits DIRECTLY ON Alba Mons — not just nearby. This means the lava tube system and the ice source may be on the same volcanic structure, potentially closer together than at any other Mars site currently characterized.

**What I expected but didn't find:** Confirmation that a specific skylight (like the Elysium Mons PCC) has been thermally characterized at Alba Mons. The 2022 study was morphological. Thermal characterization (like the IOPscience 2025 Elysium study) would significantly strengthen the Alba Mons case.

**KB connections:**
- [[water is the strategic keystone resource of the cislunar economy because it simultaneously serves as propellant life support radiation shielding and thermal management]] — Mars water ISRU is the same principle
- Session 2026-05-01: Mars radiation solution (regolith/lava tube) — lava tubes at Alba Mons satisfy this requirement
- Session 2026-05-02: "co-location" finding — this is the correction and upgrade

**Extraction hints:**
1. "Alba Mons at 40.47°N is the strongest known candidate for co-located Mars settlement infrastructure — documented lava tube systems (Crown 2022), ice-rich mantling deposits on the volcano itself, and proximity to Arcadia Planitia's excess ice make it the only Mars site currently known to offer both radiation shielding (lava tubes) and accessible water ISRU within the same latitude band (~40°N), which also falls within the seasonal brine-active zone (>30°N, Nature Communications 2025)"
2. Confidence: experimental (morphologically confirmed lava tubes, ice inferred from geology — no direct sampling or thermal skylight characterization at this site)

**Context:** This finding emerges from correcting the May 2 session's geographic error. The Elysium Mons skylight is more thoroughly studied (thermal + optical confirmation) but geographically isolated from shallow ice. Alba Mons is less thoroughly studied but geographically co-located with ice. The settlement-optimal site needs both — Alba Mons wins on co-location even with less skylight characterization.

## Curator Notes (structured handoff for extractor)
PRIMARY CONNECTION: "Mars settlement site selection requires co-location of radiation shielding (lava tubes) and water ISRU (shallow ice)" — this is an implicit KB gap the extractor should fill
WHY ARCHIVED: Identifies the correct Mars settlement co-location candidate after correcting May 2 geographic error. Alba Mons at 40.47°N satisfies both radiation and water requirements in a single site; Elysium Mons at 24-29°N only satisfies radiation.
EXTRACTION HINT: The extractor should create a claim specifically about Alba Mons as settlement candidate, citing Crown 2022 for lava tubes and the northern latitude for ice proximity. Confidence: experimental (morphologically confirmed, not yet thermally/ground-truthed). Link to the Elysium Mons skylight correction archive as context.
