# ESA ISRU Demonstration Mission

**Type:** Lunar resource utilization demonstration
**Lead:** European Space Agency (ESA)
**Prime Contractor:** Space Applications Services (Belgium)
**Status:** Delayed/uncertain (as of April 2026)
**Original Target:** 2025
**Technology:** FFC Cambridge process (electrolysis of metal oxides)

## Overview

ESA's ISRU demonstration mission had a publicly stated goal to "show, by 2025, that water or oxygen production on the Moon is feasible." The mission was designed to be implemented via commercial services, buying transportation, communication, and operations from commercial providers.

## Technical Approach

Space Applications Services was contracted to build three experimental reactors using the FFC Cambridge process, originally developed for titanium extraction. The process uses electrolysis of metal oxides to extract oxygen and water from lunar regolith.

The plan called for landing the reactor on the Moon and demonstrating end-to-end production of oxygen and water from local lunar resources.

## Timeline

- **Pre-2025** — Mission definition studies (Segments 1, 2, 3 documented in Nebula Public Library)
- **Development phase** — Hardware construction by Space Applications Services
- **2025** — Original demonstration target (missed)
- **April 2026** — No mission execution or rescheduled timeline announced

## Significance

This was the most concrete international commitment to an ISRU extraction demonstration before 2030. The apparent failure to execute by 2025, combined with the absence of any public rescheduling announcement, represents a significant institutional signal about the challenges of lunar ISRU demonstration missions.

The mission's commercial-services approach was designed to be relatively lightweight and fast compared to flagship missions. Its failure to execute suggests the commercial infrastructure for lunar ISRU demonstration may not be mature enough to enable even minimal missions.

## Related Programs

- NASA LIFT-1 (pre-contract stage)
- ESA PROSPECT (prospecting mission)
- NASA VIPER (cancelled 2024)

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*Last updated: 2026-04-28*