---
type: source
title: "Niron Magnetics Announces $1.8B High-Volume Manufacturing Plant for 10,000 Tons/Year Iron Nitride Magnets — Construction Starting 2028"
author: "BusinessWire"
url: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260316166350/en/Niron-Magnetics-Advances-U.S.-Permanent-Magnet-Manufacturing-Plans
date: 2026-03-16
domain: manufacturing
secondary_domains: [robotics, energy]
format: article
status: unprocessed
priority: medium
tags: [iron-nitride, Niron-Magnetics, manufacturing, HVM-plant, rare-earth-free, 2028-timeline, supply-chain]
intake_tier: research-task
---

## Content

**From BusinessWire (March 16, 2026):**

Niron Magnetics formally announced a site selection process for a second, high-volume manufacturing (HVM) plant for iron nitride permanent magnets. Key details:

**HVM Plant specifications:**
- Proposed footprint: 1,600,000 square feet (massive industrial facility)
- Annual production capacity: up to 10,000 metric tons of iron nitride permanent magnets
- Capital investment: $1.8 billion
- Construction anticipated to begin: early 2028
- Implied operational date: ~2030-2031 (estimated 2-3 year construction)

**Scale context:**
- Plant 1 (Sartell, MN): 1,500 tons/year, operational 2027
- Plant 2 (HVM): 10,000 tons/year, operational ~2030-2031
- Combined capacity by ~2031: ~11,500 tons/year

**Comparison to NdFeB market:**
- Global NdFeB production: ~200,000 metric tons/year (China dominant)
- Niron's combined output by 2031: ~5-6% of current global NdFeB production
- At 3.5 kg NdFeB-equivalent per humanoid robot: 11,500 tons = ~3.3 million robots/year
- This is meaningful scale for the robotics market if iron nitride achieves equivalent actuator performance

**Investment context:**
- Niron Magnetics is US-based, University of Minnesota spinout
- ARPA-E funded early R&D — US government interest in strategic supply chain independence
- The HVM plant represents the first commercial-scale effort to compete with Chinese NdFeB production outside the rare earth supply chain

## Agent Notes

**Why this matters:** This is the scale announcement that makes iron nitride strategically significant, not just technically interesting. 10,000 tons/year of rare-earth-free high-performance magnets, if achievable, would cover the entire projected humanoid robot market through the early 2030s without Chinese NdFeB supply. The $1.8B capital commitment and 2028 construction start means this is a real industrial program, not vaporware.

**What surprised me:** The scale ambition — 10,000 tons/year is genuinely material relative to the humanoid robot market, though still tiny relative to global NdFeB. The 1,600,000 sq ft facility is the size of a major automotive plant. The $1.8B investment is serious capital. This timeline (2030-2031 operational) means China's geopolitical leverage over NdFeB for humanoid robots has an end-state in sight — but that end-state is 5 years away.

**What I expected but didn't find:** A customer list — who is contracted to buy Niron's output? Without disclosed customers, the production scale is planned capacity, not committed supply. The Tesla connection remains the obvious question: is Niron supplying Optimus actuators?

**KB connections:**
- [[value in industry transitions accrues to bottleneck positions in the emerging architecture]] — Niron is positioning for the bottleneck position in rare-earth-free magnet supply
- [[the atoms-to-bits spectrum positions industries between defensible-but-linear and scalable-but-commoditizable]] — magnet manufacturing is pure atoms/linear, but the physical interface creates value

**Extraction hints:**
- CLAIM: "Iron nitride permanent magnet production is scaling from 1,500 tons/year (Niron Plant 1, 2027) to 10,000 tons/year (Niron HVM Plant 2, ~2031), representing the first credible path to removing China's NdFeB supply chain control from humanoid robot manufacturing at scale"
- NOTE: Mark confidence level as experimental — performance at production scale undemonstrated, customer commitments undisclosed

## Curator Notes (structured handoff for extractor)
PRIMARY CONNECTION: Pairs with 2025-09-29 Niron plant groundbreaking archive — together they establish a two-phase supply ramp for the rare-earth-free magnet alternative to NdFeB
WHY ARCHIVED: The scale of the HVM plant ($1.8B, 10,000 tons/year) moves iron nitride from "interesting pilot project" to "strategic supply chain program" — this is the evidence that the technology is being taken seriously at industrial scale
EXTRACTION HINT: Focus on the timeline and scale: Plant 1 (2027, 1,500 tons) covers early Optimus production; Plant 2 (2031, 10,000 tons) covers humanoid robot market at scale. The key uncertainty is performance qualification, not production timeline.
