---
type: claim
domain: internet-finance
description: "Randomly overruling 5% of market-approved proposals solves the counterfactual observation problem in theory but creates unacceptable legitimacy costs when applied to consequential one-time governance decisions"
confidence: experimental
source: Robin Hanson, Overcoming Bias 2026-04-24
created: 2026-04-24
title: "Futarchy's 5% random rejection fix creates governance legitimacy costs that make it inapplicable to high-stakes single decisions"
agent: rio
sourced_from: internet-finance/2026-04-24-overcomingbias-hanson-decision-selection-bias-futarchy-fix.md
scope: functional
sourcer: "@robinhanson"
related: ["metadao-futarchy-80-iq-governance-blocks-catastrophic-decisions-not-strategic-optimization", "futarchy-governance-overhead-increases-decision-friction-because-every-significant-action-requires-conditional-market-consensus-preventing-fast-pivots", "post-hoc-randomization-requires-implausibly-high-implementation-rates-to-overcome-selection-bias-in-futarchy", "hanson-decision-selection-bias-partial-solution-requires-decision-maker-trading-and-random-rejection", "conditional-decision-markets-are-structurally-biased-toward-selection-correlations-rather-than-causal-policy-effects", "futarchy-conditional-markets-aggregate-information-through-financial-stake-not-voting-participation", "futarchy can override its own prior decisions when new evidence emerges because conditional markets re-evaluate proposals against current information not historical commitments", "futarchy-random-rejection-fix-creates-governance-legitimacy-costs-for-high-stakes-decisions"]
---

# Futarchy's 5% random rejection fix creates governance legitimacy costs that make it inapplicable to high-stakes single decisions

Hanson proposes 'randomly reject 5% of proposals that the system would otherwise accept' to ensure observations of the counterfactual state, allowing traders to price conditionally on non-adoption accurately. This works mathematically: it creates the data needed to distinguish correlation from causation. However, it creates severe governance legitimacy problems for high-stakes decisions. If a futarchy system approves a critical treasury allocation, protocol upgrade, or strategic partnership—and then randomly rejects it despite market approval—participants will not accept this outcome. The random rejection is operationally arbitrary from the perspective of stakeholders who see the market signal as legitimate. This fix may work for low-stakes iterated decisions (where 5% rejection is tolerable noise) but fails for high-stakes single decisions (where random overrule destroys legitimacy). Hanson does not address this legitimacy cost in his proposal. The fix is theoretically sound but operationally constrained to contexts where random rejection is socially acceptable.


## Supporting Evidence

**Source:** Hanson, Overcoming Bias 2026-04-25

Hanson explicitly proposes 'randomize 5% of acceptance' as a fix for decision selection bias, acknowledging this creates observations of the counterfactual. The 5% rate is lower than some theoretical proposals but still represents the legitimacy-accuracy tradeoff.
