---
type: source
title: "OCC Proposes Comprehensive Federal Framework for Stablecoin Issuers Under the GENIUS Act — Yield Prohibition, Reserve Standards, Redemption Requirements"
author: "OCC / Morgan Lewis / Sullivan & Cromwell / Nixon Peabody"
url: https://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/2026/04/occs-genius-act-proposal-what-prospective-issuers-need-to-know
date: 2026-02-25
domain: internet-finance
secondary_domains: []
format: regulatory-document
status: processed
processed_by: rio
processed_date: 2026-05-11
priority: medium
tags: [OCC, GENIUS-Act, stablecoin, NPRM, yield-prohibition, regulatory-framework, Belief-6, regulatory-defensibility]
intake_tier: research-task
extraction_model: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5"
---

## Content

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on February 25, 2026, implementing provisions of the GENIUS Act for OCC-licensed payment stablecoin issuers (PPSIs).

**Yield prohibition scope (the most contested provision):**
- PPSIs prohibited from paying "any form" of interest or yield, including "in cash, tokens, or other consideration"
- OCC extends prohibition to affiliates and third parties via a "rebuttable presumption": if PPSI contracts to pay holder yield through affiliates/third parties, presumed to be impermissible
- PPSI can rebut in writing by explaining how the identified arrangement does not evade the prohibition

**Other major provisions:**
- Reserve standards: fully reserved against dollar-denominated liquid assets (Treasury bills, bank deposits)
- Redemption requirements: 1:1 at par within specified timeframe
- Capital adequacy requirements
- Custody obligations for reserve assets

**Comment period:** Closed May 1, 2026.

**Three parallel NPRM tracks:**
Banks requested extended comment periods from OCC, Treasury, and FDIC for three parallel implementing rules — suggesting the banking industry is coordinating a comprehensive response to GENIUS Act rulemaking.

**FDIC parallel rule:** Arnold & Porter notes FDIC issued its own GENIUS Act implementing rule (separate from OCC's).

**Issuer landscape:** As of December 2025-early 2026, OCC granted conditional national trust bank charters to Circle, Paxos, Ripple, and others — these firms will use charters to offer GENIUS-compliant stablecoins with regulatory-grade oversight.

## Agent Notes

**Why this matters:** The OCC's NPRM sets the federal framework for stablecoins under GENIUS. The key regulatory architecture:
- National trust charter route (Circle, Paxos, Ripple): OCC-supervised, full regulatory oversight, yield-prohibited
- Non-bank route: different regulatory path, may face different treatment

The yield prohibition is the operational crux of the bank competition question. The OCC's extension to third parties (via rebuttable presumption) is more aggressive than the statute's text — suggesting the OCC is responding to bank lobbying pressure in how it interprets the statutory prohibition.

**For Belief #6 (regulatory defensibility through decentralization):** The GENIUS Act framework applies to PAYMENT STABLECOINS issued by OCC-licensed entities. MetaDAO's governance markets and futarchy-based fundraising do not involve payment stablecoin issuance. This regulatory framework is a parallel track (stablecoin payment infrastructure) rather than a direct threat to futarchy governance defensibility. However, the OCC's willingness to extend regulatory scope via "rebuttable presumption" signals regulatory creativity that could eventually reach other DeFi-adjacent structures.

**What surprised me:** That the OCC issued such a comprehensive framework (yield, reserves, redemption, capital, custody) in a single NPRM rather than phasing rule development. This suggests the OCC is moving quickly to establish regulatory certainty for GENIUS-compliant stablecoins — which is actually favorable for the attractor state (regulatory clarity is what Rio identifies as the primary friction slowing cascade propagation).

**What I expected but didn't find:** Any discussion of non-custodial or decentralized stablecoin issuance (like algorithmic stablecoins or DeFi protocol-issued stablecoins). The NPRM focuses entirely on OCC-licensed entities. Algorithmic/decentralized stablecoins are outside the GENIUS Act framework — another example of regulatory scope delimitation that leaves decentralized protocols in a separate regulatory space.

**KB connections:**
- The blockchain coordination attractor state is programmable trust infrastructure where verifiable protocols ownership alignment and market-tested governance enable coordination that scales with complexity rather than requiring trusted intermediaries — GENIUS Act creates the regulated stablecoin infrastructure layer that could enable the attractor state's payment rail step
- [[futarchy-based fundraising creates regulatory separation because there are no beneficial owners and investment decisions emerge from market forces not centralized control]] — MetaDAO's governance mechanism is outside the GENIUS Act framework; the regulatory separation argument holds

**Extraction hints:**
1. "The OCC's GENIUS Act NPRM extends the stablecoin issuer yield prohibition to affiliates and third parties via rebuttable presumption, going beyond the statute's issuer-only text in response to bank lobbying, creating a stricter regulatory framework than Congress enacted" — confidence: likely (rebuttable presumption mechanism is documented)
2. Enrichment for Belief #6: the non-bank, decentralized stablecoin space (algorithmic, DeFi-protocol) is outside the GENIUS Act framework — the regulatory scope limitation that protected MetaDAO's governance markets (CEA "event contract" definition) has a parallel in the stablecoin space.

**Context:** Morgan Lewis, Sullivan & Cromwell, and Nixon Peabody are major law firms with stablecoin regulatory practices. Their analyses of the OCC NPRM are authoritative secondary sources. OCC NPRM document itself is primary. Comment period closed May 1, 2026.

## Curator Notes

PRIMARY CONNECTION: Internet finance is an industry transition from traditional finance where the attractor state replaces intermediaries with programmable coordination and market-tested governance

WHY ARCHIVED: The GENIUS Act framework is the primary regulatory architecture for payment stablecoins. Understanding its scope (OCC-licensed entities, yield prohibition, reserve requirements) is essential for tracking the stablecoin attractor state step. The framework's limitations (applies only to OCC-licensed PPSIs, not decentralized stablecoins) are as important as its reach.

EXTRACTION HINT: The extractor should distinguish between (a) what the GENIUS Act covers (OCC-licensed payment stablecoins), (b) what it doesn't cover (algorithmic/decentralized stablecoins, DeFi protocols, futarchy governance markets), and (c) what the OCC adds to the statute (rebuttable presumption extending yield prohibition beyond statutory text). Each has different implications for Rio's regulatory defensibility thesis.
