---
type: source
title: "Bluefors Signs Landmark He-3 Supply Agreement with Interlune for Quantum Computing"
author: "Bluefors / Quantum Computing Report"
url: https://bluefors.com/press-releases/bluefors-to-source-helium-3-from-the-moon-with-interlune-to-power-next-phase-of-quantum-industry-growth/
date: 2025-09-17
domain: space-development
secondary_domains: [ai-alignment]
format: press-release
status: unprocessed
priority: high
tags: [helium-3, quantum-computing, demand-signal, interlune, bluefors, lunar-resources, commercial-contracts]
flagged_for_rio: ["First private-sector anchor buyer for a space-extracted resource — capital formation implications and contract structure analysis needed"]
flagged_for_theseus: ["Quantum computing infrastructure bottleneck: He-3 supply constrains quantum computer scaling — alignment implications if quantum AI depends on lunar supply"]
---

## Content

Bluefors (Finland, world's leading cryogenic cooling systems manufacturer) and Interlune announced a commercial agreement for Bluefors to purchase up to 10,000 liters of lunar helium-3 annually for delivery from 2028 to 2037.

**Key terms:**
- Volume: up to 10,000 liters/year of lunar He-3
- Delivery window: 2028-2037
- Application: Dilution refrigerators for quantum computing (operating below 0.3 Kelvin)
- Implied value: ~$200-300M/year at current He-3 prices ($20,000-$30,000/liter)

**Market context:**
- Over 700 dilution refrigerator systems installed globally in quantum research by 2023
- Every major superconducting quantum computer (IBM, Google, D-Wave) uses He-3-dependent dilution refrigerators
- "One quantum data center could consume more helium-3 than exists on Earth" — Interlune CEO
- Global He-3 supply: low tens of kilograms/year from tritium decay in aging nuclear stockpiles

**Additional buyers confirmed:**
- U.S. DOE Isotope Program: 3 liters by April 2029 — first government purchase of space-extracted resource
- Maybell Quantum: separate supply agreement (2025)

**Terrestrial He-3 pricing:**
- Range: $2,000-$20,000+ per liter
- Prices surged 400%+ due to global supply shortage driven by AI/quantum infrastructure buildout

## Agent Notes
**Why this matters:** This is the most important demand signal in the cislunar economy since SpaceX announced Starlink. Multiple independent buyers at commercial prices, before extraction technology is proven, for a product that has no scalable terrestrial alternative. This is not speculative demand — it's contracted demand with named counterparties and dollar values.

**What surprised me:** The price: $20,000-$30,000/liter for He-3. At 10,000 liters/year, the Bluefors contract alone would generate $200-300M/year in revenue for Interlune. That's a real business case — not "we hope someone buys it someday." The DOE contract (first government purchase of a space-extracted resource) is historically significant regardless of its small volume.

**What I expected but didn't find:** Delivery penalty clauses. "Up to 10,000 liters" suggests it's a supply agreement with volume flexibility. If Interlune can't deliver, what happens? The risk profile for the buyer matters — Bluefors may be building contingency supply from other sources (recycling, terrestrial extraction) while waiting for lunar supply to materialize.

**KB connections:**
- [[water is the strategic keystone resource of the cislunar economy because it simultaneously serves as propellant life support radiation shielding and thermal management]] — this claim needs a scope qualifier: water is the keystone for in-space operations; He-3 is the first commercially motivated lunar surface extraction product
- [[governments are transitioning from space system builders to space service buyers]] — DOE first purchase of a space-extracted resource is a milestone in this transition

**Extraction hints:**
- Claim: "Helium-3 for quantum computing is the first commercially contracted lunar resource product, with confirmed terrestrial buyers (Bluefors, DOE, Maybell Quantum) paying premium prices before extraction infrastructure exists"
- Claim: "The structure of He-3 demand differs fundamentally from water-for-propellant ISRU: terrestrial buyers at current market prices vs. in-space buyers requiring future infrastructure"

## Curator Notes
PRIMARY CONNECTION: [[falling launch costs paradoxically both enable and threaten in-space resource utilization by making infrastructure affordable while competing with the end product]] — He-3 explicitly avoids this paradox since it has no Earth-launchable substitute
WHY ARCHIVED: Core evidence for "He-3 as first viable commercial lunar resource" thesis; demand structure analysis is the key insight
EXTRACTION HINT: The dual-claim opportunity here is (1) the empirical fact of contracted demand, and (2) the structural analysis of why He-3 avoids the ISRU paradox. Extract these as separate claims with appropriate confidence levels.