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Fourth Circuit Kalshi Maryland Preemption Case
Case: KalshiEX LLC v. Martin, No. 25-1892 Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit Status: Oral argument held May 7, 2026 Issue: Whether Maryland Gaming Commission can regulate Kalshi's sports event contracts despite CFTC registration
Background
District court (Judge Adam B. Abelson) denied Kalshi's preliminary injunction on August 1, 2025, finding state gaming authority can coexist with CFTC regulation.
Oral Argument (May 7, 2026)
Kalshi counsel: William E. Havemann (14 min + 6 min rebuttal) Maryland counsel: Max F. Brauer (20 min) Time: 9:30 a.m.
Framing: Covers.com characterized the case as Kalshi's "Quacks Like a Duck" problem, indicating the core issue is whether sports event contracts are substantively identical to betting despite CFTC registration.
Predicted Outcome
Pre-argument analysis predicted Fourth Circuit will follow district court precedent and rule pro-state (anti-Kalshi). If so, creates 2-1 circuit split with Third Circuit (pro-Kalshi), making SCOTUS cert near-certain.
Significance
The "quacks like a duck" framing suggests the panel may approach the case with functional analysis (does it work like betting?) rather than formal/structural analysis (is it properly classified as a swap?). A functional-analysis court would be more hostile to structural/endogeneity defenses.
Timeline
- 2025-08-01 — District Judge Adam B. Abelson denied Kalshi's preliminary injunction
- 2026-05-07 — Oral argument held before Fourth Circuit panel